A company in Vietnam shall have at least one legal representative according to the Law on Enterprises of Vietnam. As defined by the Law on Enterprises of Vietnam, the legal representative is the person that, on behalf of the enterprise, exercises and performs the rights and obligations derived from the enterprise’s transactions, acts as the plaintiff, defendant or person with relevant interests and duties before in court, arbitration, and performs other rights and obligations prescribed by law. The legal representative’s name and details will be recorded on the enterprise registration certificate and company charter.
The Law on Enterprises of Vietnam allows a company to have more than one legal representative. The company charter shall specify the number and position of the legal representatives. The rights and obligations of each legal representative shall be specified under the company charter as well. Otherwise, each of the legal representative shall have full authority to represent the company and take joint responsibility for any damage caused to the company as prescribed by civil laws and relevant laws.
The legal representatives are not required to be Vietnamese nationals, but at least one legal representative must reside in Vietnam as prescribed by law. If a company has only one legal representative, such person must authorize another person residing in Vietnam in writing to perform the legal representative’s right and obligations when leaving Vietnam.
A multiple-member (multiple-shareholder) limited liability company shall have at least one legal representative who holds the title of chairman of the board of members, director/general director. Unless otherwise prescribed by the company charter, the chairman of the board of members shall be the company’s legal representative.
A single-member (single-shareholder) limited liability company shall have at least one legal representative who holds the title of chairman of the board of members, the company’s chairman or director/general director. Unless otherwise prescribed by the company charter, the chairman of the company or chairman of the board of members shall be the company’s legal representative.
If a joint stock company has only one legal representative, either the chairman of the board of directors or the director/general director shall be the legal representative. The chairman of the board of directors shall serve as the company’s legal representative unless otherwise prescribed by the company charter. If the company has more than one legal representative, the chairman of the board of directors and the director/general director shall be the legal representatives of the company.
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Joint stock companies (JSC) and limited liability companies (LLC) are two common types of companies in Vietnam. The main differences between JSC and LLC are as follows:Advantages of a JSC: A JSC can issue shares and be listed on the Vietnam stock exchange. It generally has higher reputation and financing capabilities, making it more suitable for large businesses or corporate groups.
Foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) registered in Vietnam are required to submit reports on investment activities to the relevant investment registration authorities on periodic basis in accordance with the Law on Investment of Vietnam and other laws and regulations.
A foreign invested company shall be dissolved under the following circumstances:The operation period specified in the company's charter expires without a decision on extension;The dissolution is decided by the shareholders of the company;The company fails to maintain statutory minimum number of members for six consecutive months without conversion;
A Foreigner has to apply for and obtain a valid work permit in order to work legally in the territory of Vietnam, except for the specific circumstances of work permit exemption as indicated by law. The foreigner is required to apply for a work visa or a temporary residence card to reside in Vietnam legally after obtaining a work permit. Foreigners with a temporary residence card can enter and exit Vietnam without a visa within the valid terms of their temporary residence card.